As Idahoans, we value our health, our families, our independence, and our communities. With recent measles outbreaks reported in several U.S. states, including Montana, it's a good time to consider how we can stay informed and prepared.

Understanding measles

Measles is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by a virus. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes and can linger in the air for up to two hours. Symptoms typically appear seven to 14 days after exposure and include high fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a distinctive rash. While many recover without problems, measles can lead to serious complications, especially in very young children and people with weakened immune systems.

Before we had a vaccine, almost all people got measles at some point in their lifetimes. In Idaho, over 1,000 cases were reported most years in the 1950s. 

The introduction and widespread use of vaccination began in the 1960s. The measles vaccine is highly effective, and for most people, two childhood doses of vaccine is all they will ever need to protect themselves against measles for their lifetime. 

Reported cases of measles have dropped dramatically since the 1960s, and in most recent years, no cases are reported in the state. 

While widespread vaccination was very successful at eliminating measles in the U.S., international travelers continue to reintroduce the virus, which has spread among mostly unvaccinated communities. This highlights the important role of continued vaccination to protect people and communities from the disease.

In 2024, cases of measles began to increase in the U.S.. So far in 2025, there have already been more cases than in all of 2024, with an especially large number of cases being reported in Texas and New Mexico. While no cases have been reported yet in Idaho, the summer travel season is beginning, and I am concerned that we will see cases in the state.

Staying informed and prepared

Here are some steps you can take to stay informed about measles:

• Know the signs: Familiarize yourself with the symptoms of measles to recognize it early.
• Check your records: Review your and your family's immunization records to understand your health history.
• Consult healthcare providers: If you have concerns or questions about measles or your health, reach out to your healthcare provider for personalized advice.
• Stay updated: Follow reputable sources like the CDC, the American Academy of Pediatrics and your local public health district for the latest information about any measles in your area and other health topics.

Community health

Being informed helps protect not just ourselves but also our communities. By understanding measles and how it spreads, we can make choices that contribute to the well-being of those around us.

Q&A: Common questions about measles

How serious is measles?

Measles can be serious, especially for young children and individuals with compromised immune systems. Complications can include pneumonia, encephalitis (brain swelling), and, in rare cases, death.

How does measles spread?

Measles spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can remain in the air for up to two hours, making it highly contagious.

What should I do if I think I've been exposed to measles?

If you believe you've been exposed to measles, contact your healthcare provider immediately. They can guide you on the next steps, which may include monitoring for symptoms or receiving post-exposure prophylaxis.

How can I protect myself and my family from measles?

Staying informed about measles, understanding how it spreads, and consulting with healthcare providers about your health history are key steps in protecting yourself and your family.

Historically, vaccination has played a crucial role in preventing measles, eliminating it from circulating in the U.S. by the early 2000s. However, cases have jumped in 2024 and increased even further in 2025. Vaccination remains the surest way to prevent the disease.

Where can I find more information about measles?

Reliable information is available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at www.cdc.gov/measles and the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare at www.healthandwelfare.idaho.gov. 

Dr. Christine Hahn is Idaho’s state epidemiologist and the Division of Public Health’s medical director. 

The Idaho Department of Health and Welfare is dedicated to strengthening the health, safety, and independence of Idahoans. Learn more at healthandwelfare.idaho.gov.